Posted by: Mike Clough

Small Businesses Can’t Afford Counterfeit Competence

small business ownerAlmost everyone would agree that starting and running a small business requires exceptional competence. However, according to studies conducted by Dr. David A. Dunning, a professor of psychology at Cornell University, most incompetent people do not know they are incompetent. In fact, people who do things poorly are usually more confident in their ability than people who do things well. Perhaps this is one of the reasons less than one in five small businesses survive past the first five years.

Many entrepreneurs with healthy egos have a tendency to overestimate their own abilities while underestimating those of others. This tendency can be their downfall as it limits the business to the entrepreneur’s capabilities. Even if an entrepreneur is supremely gifted, sooner or later the business will need a talent that they do not possess.

The studies indicate that incompetent people have a tendency to over estimate their abilities, suggesting they are ignorant of their own ignorance. So, one could say that one of the underlying causes of small business failure is counterfeit competence.

Another twist on the counterfeit competence phenomenon was addressed in an article published in the April 21, 2010 edition of the New York Times by Catherine Rampell. A study with close to 2,000 subjects found that CEO faces appear more “competent” and less “likable” than non-CEO faces. In related studies of the facial traits of CEOs, those who appear more “mature” are assumed to be more competent than those who are “baby-faced”. This finding is especially troubling because there is data to support the notion that baby-faced people possess qualities opposite to those projected by their facial traits. There is absolutely no evidence to support the assumption that looking competent correlates to better performance.

This should come as a relief as there is not much a small business owner can do to change their face. However, there is a lot they can do to compensate for their weaknesses. So, how can a small business owner avoid the pitfalls of counterfeit competence? First, they need to get honest, objective feedback on their strengths and weaknesses. Then and only then will they be able to make informed decisions about the kind of talent they need to offset those weaknesses for the sake of their business.

Left to their own devices, people will hire in their own image. We are all more comfortable with people who are like ourselves. The problem with this tendency is that whatever weaknesses small business owners possess are multiplied, leaving the business listing to one side due to immense strength in certain areas and severe handicaps in others.

Hiring and selecting employees is especially problematic when it comes to counterfeit competence. Long before a candidate’s knowledge, skill, personality, and motivations are known competence is conveyed subtly through factors such as facial expressions, vocal inflections, demeanor, dress and appearance.

In candidate selection interviews, perceived competence can trump qualifications. Today, there are many savvy employment candidates who know that you never get a second chance to make a good first impression. They know that if they want the role then they must dress the part. And, they know that how well they are perceived will have an impact on how quickly they get hired, how much money they make and how quickly they will get promoted. However, there is a big difference between perceived competence and the real deal.

Whether we mean to or not, within the first thirty seconds of meeting someone for the first time, our brains have already processed, categorized, and filed thousands of neurological data. Our brain’s basic filing system is based on our memories of past experiences which are colored by our feelings about those experiences. Even though there are laws against discriminating against job candidates based on age, sex, or race, until we assimilate and process additional data that overrides our unconscious beliefs, we fall victim to hidden, insidious bias. This is when counterfeit competence clouds judgment, contaminates business decisions, and jeopardizes results.

Insidious biases include beliefs such as good looking and athletic-looking people are more energetic and competent than homely, overweight people, young people are less competent than older people, blonds are younger than brunettes, women with long hair are richer, and women with short hair are more professional. These counterfeit notions of competence are dangerous. Not just because our irrational lack of confidence in people based on how they look creates unnecessary legal exposure, but because we risk overlooking the kind of authentic competence we need to obtain maximum results.

When hiring employees, small business owners need to take extra care not to fall victim to their own unconscious biases. They should start all selection processes by being explicit about the competencies required of top candidates. To make a more objective evaluation of candidate resumes, small business owners can try reviewing them first without names. Then, the small business owner should plan and conduct the same structured interview with each and every candidate and evaluate them using the same criterion.

As the business grows and changes, new challenges will be presented. New competencies will be required to meet those challenges. Once again, small business owners must be ruthlessly honest about their capabilities. The stakes are simply too high. The survival of their business depends on authentic competence.

Those who enjoyed this article also enjoyed:
Leadership with Heart
Compensation: You Get What You Pay For
Leading in Times of Uncertainty and Fear
Employees from Heaven or Hell?

If you would like to contact me, you can do so by visiting my LinkedIn page or emailing me at mike.clough@bestbizpractices.org.

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Responses

So true.

Counterfeit competence also leads the new entrepreneur to believe that he can set up his own accounting system and do the bookkeeping. What a mess, and as a result the business owners has no idea how their business is doing.

Interesting information in this article. Reminds me of what I ask myself when someone pompous brags about how wonderful they are. I always wonder if they actually believe their own b**l s**t. LOL

The problem you describe with small business owners and CEO’s who think more highly of themselves than they should – “counterfeit competence” – is how does one get through to them that they are not as great as they think they are? For some people, deep psychological evaluation and therapy is the only thing that might help because the arrogant attitudes are often actually covering up some major deep insecurities. But before someone can be helped, they have to recognize that there is a problem that needs fixing right?

Your comments about first impressions are also right on the mark. Biases are hard to overcome but necessary if one wants to hire a truly competent employee. Good hiring decisions take good insight which not everyone has.

I’ve been saying for years, after having worked with many different people and in various companies…. there are way too many people “who don’t know what they don’t know”. I was often left shocked and flabbergasted by decisions made by this oblivious group and the bad domino effect on business and fellow employees caused by their incompetence.

The words “I don’t know” (and “I’m sorry”- but I digress) are hard to say for quite a few people…. but we’re dealing with a mentality that doesn’t even realize this. SCARY!

After working for Fortune 100 companies most of my professional career, I find this problem not just secluded to the small business sector, but rampant among large enterprise businesses and a breeding ground for this “epic fail.” People that have a clue learn from their mistakes, but these idiots have learned to spin, blame others, divert, and take credit from those that do know what they are doing. This is almost common practice and an art form for many of the incompetent leadership out there. A small business will not be in business too long with this leadership, but a person like this in a large corporation or enterprise can thrive and be promoted for years.

Mike,

Thanks for the thoughtful post. Interestingly, this is the first time I’ve heard the term counterfeit competence, and was curious where you would go with this.

I guess I’ve been fortunate over the past twenty years or so (as one who has some experience with the small business subject apparently in the cross hairs here, both on the company and client side) to have found entrepreneurs who readily acknolwedge their weaknesses and have the courage and insight to bring in appropriate support for long-term growth objectives. Of course, I’m dealing with established businesses and that may make a difference even if they are small. Still, my ‘in-the-trenches’ observation (which certainly doesn’t carry as much weight as the NYT) is those destined to make it start with a team mindset that covers their flaws early and often. Their solution may be with contractors vs. employees, but those that see the value of investing in their business early tend to make sure their money is well spent (and their egos are left at the door).

Well Nanette, the reason you may have not heard the term before is that it is possible that I coined the term some time ago for one of my articles or presentations on the subject. I also could have “borrowed” it from someone else. When you read and listen a lot, as well as write and speak often, it is difficult to keep track of the source throughout the years. However, it seems to fit so I continue to use it.

As I read your comment, I began thinking about what you said as compared to my own experience. Sometimes I have seen entrepreneurs fail because of this counterfeit competence but learn from their experience so they become successful the second time around. Of course, some people never learn and we all know where that leads.

Most recently, I notice this most when it comes to discussing social media with small business owners. In spite of overwhelming evidence (See recent HubSpot article) regarding the use of social media, they are so closed minded about the subject that they don’t even want to discuss it. In a few cases, they may be right. But in most cases, they are ever so wrong. What can you do?

Thanks for taking the time to comment.

Thanks for posting this article, I found it’s premise – that people who do things poorly are usually more confident in their ability than people who do things well – interesting.

Similar to the suggestion at the end for those recruiting, I have a friend who has his assistant cut names and graduation dates off resumes prior to his first reading of them. He then often starts with exchanging a couple emails and then a phone interview prior to meeting in person. He believes this helps him focus on competencies instead of image, name, age and other less important issues.

It also creates a challenge in deciphering true competence vs. staged confidence. We’ve all been trained that we only get that one chance to make a first impression so in an interview, I’d think most people would purposely spin everything positively and thus blur the lines for the recruiter. For instance, “yes, I can don that for you,” seems to be a better interview answer than, “you present an complex problem and while I’ve never faced one exactly like it, I think based on my past experience, I will be able to find a good solution.”

I recently finished reading, “The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership” by John Maxwell. I felt this book did a good job of helping one assess their leadership skills and it also clearly articulated, as did your article, the need to look for people with different skill sets than you when hiring.

Thanks again and have a great week!
Donny

Well, I like the term, just didn’t understand it until I read your article.

What I find with small business and social media (and could be pooled into your detractor group here, depending on the language used and the issue) is many small business stiffen when it’s presented as a mandate and discussed as though it’s an entity of its own. Some have opened a Facebook account or thrown a static web page up, netted no success and concluded it’s a waste of time. Others are already using it in other ways, but don’t see it. Most try one or two aspects without seeing the relationship to their other activities (or making it work as such). I think when presented in a way that makes sense for their particular business aims, most are interested in learning.

Sadly, many form stereotypes of small business owners based on experiences with a select group – usually a minority that’s the most needy (goverment subsidized programs tend to target urban or rural start-ups) and/or the loudest (who tend to suffer from the ‘don’t know what they don’t know’ syndrome others have noted). With all net new jobs coming from small business for at least the past decade, they can’t all be as the norm is painted :-).

I agree with you Nanette. If all entrepreneurs and small businesses were like this, I would not be a SCORE volunteer or enjoy working with small business owners. Thanks goodness most realize we all are a little like this and that is what keeps us be more open minded, don’t you think?

Not sure what you mean, but, if your point is many small business owners (and people) can be a bit sceptical about change from what’s working or cautious about investing precious time and money prior to convincing it will be worthwhile, I agree.

Our smartest clients “know what they don’t know”. They have their egos well under control. They feel lucky when they find someone who has a skill they need, but know they don’t possess.

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