Almost everyone would agree that starting and running a small business requires exceptional competence. However, according to studies conducted by Dr. David A. Dunning, a professor of psychology at Cornell University, most incompetent people do not know they are incompetent. In fact, people who do things poorly are usually more confident in their ability than people who do things well. Perhaps this is one of the reasons less than one in five small businesses survive past the first five years.
Many entrepreneurs with healthy egos have a tendency to overestimate their own abilities while underestimating those of others. This tendency can be their downfall as it limits the business to the entrepreneur’s capabilities. Even if an entrepreneur is supremely gifted, sooner or later the business will need a talent that they do not possess.
The studies indicate that incompetent people have a tendency to over estimate their abilities, suggesting they are ignorant of their own ignorance. So, one could say that one of the underlying causes of small business failure is counterfeit competence.
Another twist on the counterfeit competence phenomenon was addressed in an article published in the April 21, 2010 edition of the New York Times by Catherine Rampell. A study with close to 2,000 subjects found that CEO faces appear more “competent” and less “likable” than non-CEO faces. In related studies of the facial traits of CEOs, those who appear more “mature” are assumed to be more competent than those who are “baby-faced”. This finding is especially troubling because there is data to support the notion that baby-faced people possess qualities opposite to those projected by their facial traits. There is absolutely no evidence to support the assumption that looking competent correlates to better performance.
This should come as a relief as there is not much a small business owner can do to change their face. However, there is a lot they can do to compensate for their weaknesses. So, how can a small business owner avoid the pitfalls of counterfeit competence? First, they need to get honest, objective feedback on their strengths and weaknesses. Then and only then will they be able to make informed decisions about the kind of talent they need to offset those weaknesses for the sake of their business.
Left to their own devices, people will hire in their own image. We are all more comfortable with people who are like ourselves. The problem with this tendency is that whatever weaknesses small business owners possess are multiplied, leaving the business listing to one side due to immense strength in certain areas and severe handicaps in others.
Hiring and selecting employees is especially problematic when it comes to counterfeit competence. Long before a candidate’s knowledge, skill, personality, and motivations are known competence is conveyed subtly through factors such as facial expressions, vocal inflections, demeanor, dress and appearance.
In candidate selection interviews, perceived competence can trump qualifications. Today, there are many savvy employment candidates who know that you never get a second chance to make a good first impression. They know that if they want the role then they must dress the part. And, they know that how well they are perceived will have an impact on how quickly they get hired, how much money they make and how quickly they will get promoted. However, there is a big difference between perceived competence and the real deal.
Whether we mean to or not, within the first thirty seconds of meeting someone for the first time, our brains have already processed, categorized, and filed thousands of neurological data. Our brain’s basic filing system is based on our memories of past experiences which are colored by our feelings about those experiences. Even though there are laws against discriminating against job candidates based on age, sex, or race, until we assimilate and process additional data that overrides our unconscious beliefs, we fall victim to hidden, insidious bias. This is when counterfeit competence clouds judgment, contaminates business decisions, and jeopardizes results.
Insidious biases include beliefs such as good looking and athletic-looking people are more energetic and competent than homely, overweight people, young people are less competent than older people, blonds are younger than brunettes, women with long hair are richer, and women with short hair are more professional. These counterfeit notions of competence are dangerous. Not just because our irrational lack of confidence in people based on how they look creates unnecessary legal exposure, but because we risk overlooking the kind of authentic competence we need to obtain maximum results.
When hiring employees, small business owners need to take extra care not to fall victim to their own unconscious biases. They should start all selection processes by being explicit about the competencies required of top candidates. To make a more objective evaluation of candidate resumes, small business owners can try reviewing them first without names. Then, the small business owner should plan and conduct the same structured interview with each and every candidate and evaluate them using the same criterion.
As the business grows and changes, new challenges will be presented. New competencies will be required to meet those challenges. Once again, small business owners must be ruthlessly honest about their capabilities. The stakes are simply too high. The survival of their business depends on authentic competence.
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If you would like to contact me, you can do so by visiting my LinkedIn page or emailing me at mike.clough@bestbizpractices.org.
Posted by: Mike Clough
